When the New Horizons space probe captured images of Pluto and its large moon Charon as it flew by in 2015, conventional scientists were surprised by the small number of craters in Charon’s southern hemisphere.¹ This suggested a relatively young surface, despite Charon’s presumed age of over four billion years. How could they account for this?

Barring cloud cover, about 75% of the country saw the total lunar eclipse, aka the “Blood Worm Moon.” Texas had good weather conditions for last night’s display, as did the lower Great Lakes, Ohio Valley, and a portion of the Central Plains.

Two recent studies by different groups have concluded essentially the same thing: there are mysterious cold rock slabs at the bottom of Earth’s mantle that cannot be explained by conventional theories.^1,2 Geophysicists typically color these colder rocks blue, as shown in the image.