Ernst Chain and his colleague Howard Florey are credited with "one of the greatest discoveries in medical science ever made."¹ Together with Sir Alexander Fleming, they were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. What is less well known, however, is that this preeminent biochemist openly opposed Darwinism on the basis of his scientific research.

What if all life evolved from a common ancestor by means of gradual changes as Darwin suggested? What evidence would we expect to find?

According to evolution, life has been on Earth for billions of years. It is common to claim that life originated some three to four billion years ago.

The creation model continues to take shape as contributions from various scientific fields are analyzed from a more rewarding non-Darwinian perspective.