5:2 the revolters. The leaders of Israel, both secular and religious, had led the people into compromise and then into regular participation in pagan idolatry, rebelling against God and His word. The parallel with the modern situation in so-called Christendom is very real.

5:10 remove the bound. To remove landmarks was a means of stealing land. The leaders of Judah were causing the distinction between Israel and Judah to be removed, so that Judah—like Israel before her—was going away from God.

5:15 acknowledge their offence. Because of the sin of both Israel and Judah, God will “go away” (Hosea 5:14). When Israel finally acknowledges her great offense in rejecting Messiah, then He will return and establish His kingdom in Jerusalem (note Psalm 110:1-3; Matthew 23:39; Zechariah 12:10–13:1; etc.).