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New Defender's Study Bible Notes
2:3 flaming torches. The red shields and armor are said to have been used both by Assyria and by the Medes, who later participated with the Babylonians in Nineveh’s capture and obliteration. Although both armies used chariots, the meaning of the “flaming torches” is not clear. An intriguing possibility is that the prophetic vision here again mixes both near and far fulfillments. The prophet also sees in the distance, as it were, an end-time battle, with great tanks engaged in warfare. In the context of a prophet writing in 650 B.C. or so, these would best be described as “chariots with flaming torches.”