A key type of rogue genetic data called orphan genes has just been spectacularly reported in honey bees.¹ Orphan genes conflict with ideas about genome evolution, and they are directly linked with the evolutionary enigma of phenotypic novelty, unique traits specific to a single type of creature.

A fossil group of alleged evolutionary human ancestors called australopithecines—all quite ape-like in their features—have traditionally been uncooperative as transitional forms. Now the famous Taung child, a supposed example exhibiting early transitional developmental skull features has been debunked.¹