When people think of Neanderthals, an evolutionary image of primitive cave men might come to mind. This is bolstered by the perception that they looked very different from modern humans. However, Neanderthals bore four key features that assure us they were human and confirm the Genesis account of humanity’s recent origin.

Early ICR scientists hypothesized that the “waters which were above the firmament”¹ implied a canopy of water vapor that covered the earth before the Flood. However, later tests led researchers away from this model. What changed their minds?