5:1 justified by faith. We are “justified by His blood” (Romans 5:9), “justified freely by His grace” (Romans 3:24), “justified by faith” (Romans 5:1)—all in relation to God—then, “justified by works” (James 2:21), in relation to men.

5:1 peace with God. Paul opens his epistles with a salutation conveying “peace from God” (e.g., Romans 1:7), then assures them of “peace with God” (Romans 5:1), culminating in the “peace of God” (Colossians 3:15) ruling in their hearts.