12:27 things which cannot be shaken. According to Haggai 2:5-7, all things in the world will be “shaken” in the coming judgment period, but the things which cannot be shaken—that is, God’s kingdom (Hebrews 12:28), His salvation (Isaiah 51:6), Christ’s words (Matthew 24:35), and those who do God’s will (I John 2:17)—will remain.

12:29 consuming fire. This phrase is found in Deuteronomy 4:24 and 9:3, as well as Exodus 24:17 and Isaiah 29:6; 30:27; 30:30 and 33:14, where the same words are translated “devouring fire,” in every case referring to God’s fierce judgment against sin. However, this is the only place where this Greek word, meaning “utterly destroying,” is used. Note also II Thessalonians 1:8.