4:26 kings of the earth. The Messianic prophecies in the second psalm go well beyond their precursive fulfillment in the rejection and crucifixion of Christ at His first coming, looking ultimately to a worldwide rejection of Him and His people in the last days. See notes on Psalm 2.

4:28 determined before. “Determined before” is the same in the Greek as “predestinated.” These verses contain another striking example of the conjoining of human responsibility and God’s sovereignty in the same context, with no hint of this being a problem. Note also Acts 2:23.