"And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins." (Ephesians 2:1)

There are three descriptions of what we were prior to God's work in us, as described in the second chapter of Ephesians, and as listed below: We were "dead in trespasses |activities| and sins |character, attitude, condition|." The result was that we were unable to understand or seek God on our own (Romans 3:10-11). Nor are we able to know the "things of God" by our own intellectual prowess (1 Corinthians 2:14). "We walked according to the course of this world" (Ephesians 2:2), in "bondage" to the world (Galatians 4:3), and with the eyes of our minds "blinded" by Satan (2 Corinthians 4:4). We are "by nature the children of wrath" (Ephesians 2:3). Both our natural desires (5:5-6) and our willful unbelief (John 3:36) have placed us under the ever-increasing wrathful judgment of God (Romans 2:5-9).

The transformation performed by God on us can only be "his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus" (Ephesians 2:10). It involves God's rich "mercy" and "great love" (v. 4) to make us alive when we were dead (see John 5:21-24; Romans 6:4-6, 9-11).

That power "raises" us and "seats" us with God "positionally" in the heavens (Ephesians 2:6). That "grace" is effected through faith, and even "that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast" (vv. 8-9).

Whatever all of these promises may ultimately involve, they assure us of permanent status as the chosen, holy ones of God (Romans 8:29-39), "that in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus" (Ephesians 2:7). HMM III