More Transparency Needed in Science Textbooks, Museums | The Institute for Creation Research

More Transparency Needed in Science Textbooks, Museums

The number of retracted scientific papers has skyrocketed in the last decade. In 2010, two science editors started Retraction Watch, a blog dedicated to tracking science paper retractions. So far, the site has tracked about 200 papers.1

Retractions can occur for different reasons. About 73 percent of retracted papers in 2010 had errors, either in the research methods used or in the writing, and about 27 percent contained fraud, according to a recent presentation on the blog.

But just because a retraction occurs doesn't mean that the flawed report goes away. Nature reported that 235 papers retracted between 1966 and 1996 were cited in 2,000 later studies, and only 8 percent of those acknowledged the retractions.2

If other scientists are citing outdated or misleading data, what about outdated and misleading data presented in museums and textbooks? For instance, in 2010, the University of Pennsylvania toured an exhibit called Surviving: The Body of Evidence that claimed, "You are a survivor…of the process of evolution."3

But the exhibit featured "misleading, outdated or contrived information…. For example, one section features the thoroughly refuted 'horse evolution' story…. In reality, fossils of horse varieties…are mixed in various rock layers, showing no objective evolutionary pattern."3

Another prime example of outdated information currently still in use is German embryologist Ernst Haeckel's drawings of embryos. A contemporary of Charles Darwin, "Haeckel claimed that the developmental stages of an embryo retrace its evolutionary past. In other words, the human embryo supposedly goes through a fish stage, an amphibian stage, a reptile stage, and so on."4

In 1997, a team of British researchers used modern techniques to examine developing embryos, and they were nothing like Haeckel's depictions. "Not only did Haeckel add or omit features…but he also fudged the scale to exaggerate similarities among species, even when there were 10-fold differences in size."5

But some modern textbooks have still used Haeckel's drawings to teach students about evolution, even if they do mention that the drawings are discredited.6 Why use them at all, if what they portray is false?

Scientific investigation is an ongoing effort, and as more discoveries are made, it makes sense that older studies will be disproven or updated. But like the science paper retractions, discredited scientific notions keep turning up.

To help with scientific transparency, and hopefully the number of retractions, Retraction Watch presented some suggestions, including "Demand more of institutions" and "Make retraction notices clearer."1

The same practices need to be applied to textbooks and museum displays as well.

References

  1. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: What retractions say about scientific transparency. Retraction Watch. Posted on retractionwatch.wordpress.com November 21, 2011, accessed November 23, 2011.
  2. Van Noorden, R. 2011. Science publishing: The trouble with retractions. Nature. 478 (7367): 28.
  3. Thomas, B. Museum's 'Science' Exhibit Leaves More Questions than Answers. ICR News. Posted on icr.org January 11, 2010, accessed November 22, 2011.
  4. Mitchell, T. and E. Mitchell. Something fishy about gill slits! Answers in Genesis. Posted on answersingenesis.org March 14, 2007, accessed November 23, 2011.
  5. Pennisi, E. 1997. Haeckel's Embryos: Fraud Rediscovered. Science. 277 (5331): 1435, reporting on research in Richardson, M. K. et al. 1997. There is no highly conserved embryonic stage in the vertebrates: implications for current theories of evolution and development. Anatomy and Embryology. 196 (2): 91-106..
  6. Luskin, C. What Do Modern Textbooks Really Say About Haeckel's Embryos? Discovery Institute. Posted on discovery.org March 27, 2007, accessed November 23, 2011.

* Ms. Dao is Assistant Editor at the Institute for Creation Research.

Article posted on November 29, 2011.

The Latest
ACTS & FACTS
Creation Kids: Crystals!
by Michael Stamp and Susan Windsor* You're never too young to be a creation scientist and explore our Creator's world. Kids, discover...

APOLOGETICS
Playing Chess with Little Furry Critters
God’s multifarious and marvelous designs for basic creature needs are so innovatively clever and providentially purposeful that Christ’s...

ACTS & FACTS
Credit Only Our Creator
History was my favorite subject as a young kid. But it always puzzled me when my teachers said, “We study history so that we don’t repeat...

ACTS & FACTS
Genomic Tandem Repeats: Where Repetition Is Purposely Adaptive
Tandem repeats (TRs) are short sequences of DNA repeated over and over again like the DNA letter sequence TACTACTAC, which is a repetition of TAC three...

ACTS & FACTS
Dinosaur National Monument: Fossil Graveyard of the Flood
Straddling the border of Utah and Colorado, Dinosaur National Monument (DNM) is one of the richest exposures of dinosaur fossils in the world.1...

ACTS & FACTS
The Transforming Influence of Genesis: Worker Dignity and Safety
When Pharisees questioned the Lord Jesus about marriage, He answered by quoting Genesis 1:27: “But from the beginning of the creation, God ‘made...

NEWS
Giant ''Meg'' Shark: Longer and Leaner?
Fossil remains of the giant shark Otodus megalodon have been found in Miocene1 and Pliocene2 rock layers, which ICR scientists...

CREATION.LIVE PODCAST
Searching for Truth Across the Globe | Creation.Live Podcast:...
How can we bring the Gospel of Jesus Christ and the truth of creation to others outside our small spheres of influence?   Host...

NEWS
Marine Mammals: Designed for Deep Diving
While you’re reading this, hold your breath. What is now happening is your blood is delivering the last of oxygenated blood cells to your tissues...

CREATION PODCAST
Humanity's Demise at the Hands of Genetic Entropy | The Creation...
Welcome to the fourth episode in a series called “The Failures of Old Earth Creationism.” Many Christians attempt to fit old earth...