10:5 after his tongue. The islands and coastlands to which these first Europeans migrated were “divided...everyone after his tongue.” This notation indicates that the author of Genesis 10 (probably Shem) wrote it after the dispersion at Babel.

10:20 in their nations. The division of the original population into “nations” was both “after their tongues” and “after their families,” suggesting that each family living at Babel was given a distinctive tongue at the dispersion.

10:31 after their nations. This concludes the “nations” listed in Genesis 10–fourteen from Japheth, thirty from Ham, and twenty-six from Shem. Thus a total of seventy such primeval nations was included by Shem in his Table of Nations. All are descendants of Adam, through Noah. There is no hint anywhere in Scripture of any “hominids” or other “pre-Adamites” in man’s ancestry. The so-called “ape-men” can all be shown to be either remains of extinct apes or of true men, probably all living after the Flood.