45:4 by thy name. The Persian emperor Cyrus was thus named by God about 150 years before he was born, and about 100 years before Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem and the temple, carrying the people of Judah into captivity in Babylonia. The Persian empire still later conquered Babylon, and eventually Cyrus became emperor and fulfilled Isaiah’s prophecy (Ezra 1:1-4) about 175 years after Isaiah pronounced it.
45:7 create darkness. God did not create light, for He is light! It was the primeval darkness that He created, in order to have a division between day and night.
45:7 create evil. “Evil,” as used here, refers to evil of a physical nature (e.g., storms), not moral evil.
45:12 even my hands. This is a clear statement of direct creation (not indirect, through some evolutionary process)—of the earth, of man, of the heavens, and all their host (both stars and angels).

