14:4 king of Babylon. Isaiah 14:4-23—in fact, all of chapters 13 and 14—predict the ultimate fall of Babylon at a time even before the kingdom of Babylon became dominant. In Isaiah’s time, the Assyrian empire was the leading nation.
14:7 at rest. There has never been a year since Isaiah’s time that the whole earth was at rest. This prophecy can never be fulfilled until at the return of Christ when Babylon and all it stands for are destroyed.
14:9 Hell. Hebrew sheol, means the place of departed spirits. The picture here is a graphic description of the slain king of Babylon being welcomed into hell by the already-dead kings of earlier nations.
14:12 fallen from heaven. Although the prophecy is directed toward the earthly king of Babylon (Isaiah 14:4), here it goes far beyond him (he could never fall from heaven!) to the wicked spirit possessing his body and inspiring his actions. Just as Satan possessed and used the serpent’s body in Eden, so he does here with Babylon’s king.

