1:5 add to your faith. This succession of seven attributes to be added to one’s saving faith should be understood as natural developments of true faith rather than as arbitrary additions. That is, “in your faith exhibit virtue, and in your virtue show knowledge, …etc.”

1:5 virtue. “Virtue” is not mere moral goodness, but spiritual valor, or strength of character.

1:7 brotherly kindness. “Brotherly kindness” (Greek philadelphia) is elsewhere translated “brotherly love.”

1:7 charity. “Charity” (Greek agape) is commonly rendered “love.” This type of love is thus distinct from brotherly love. It involves deep respect for a person, recognizing the value and interests of that person, and caring for him or her as a person of genuine worth.

1:8 barren. “Barren” means, literally “idle.” A fruitful and effective Christian life and work will be the natural product of true Christian character.